Actions : Inhibit Implantation :Changes in endometrium "ulceration ,edema, FB
reaction & progesterone effects with progestasert-T".
Copper :inhibits Carbonic Anhydrase enzyme .
Inflammatory reaction PGs : ++ motility of uterus & tubes
Phagocytic cells : engulf sperms

ADVANTAGES : 3A 1R NOT 1A 1R
Afordable "cheap"
Available
Acceptable"little motivation for useage "
Reliable "low failure rate"
NOT : Affect : sexual intercourse, fertility,lactation
Require educated user
COMPLICATIONS:3PM DEVICE
pain"insertion"
pregnancy "failure"
Perforation
Menstural disturbances
Missed IUD
Difficult removal
Expulsion "spontaneous"
Vaginal discharge
Infection "PID"

Colics
Ectopic pregnancy

Causes of Missed IUD :unable to feel threads A to E
Adherence
Perforation Pregnancy
Cut or Retracted
Deep Vagina & short threads
Expulsion